Perm University Herald. Juridical Sciences. 2018. Issue 4 (42)

Title: LEGAL REGULATION OF RELATIONSHIPS PERTAINING TO GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS
Authors:

O. A. Ruzakova, Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)

This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7746-399X
ResearcherID: 0-7746-2014
Articles of «Scopus» & «Web of Science»:       ---

E. S. Grin, Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)

This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9630-1742
ResearcherID: F-5817-2016
Articles of «Scopus» & «Web of Science»:       --- 
Requisites: Ruzakova O. A., Grin E. S. Voprosy razvitiya pravovogo regulirovaniya otnosheniy, ob''ektom kotorykh vystupayut geograficheskie ukazaniya [Legal Regulation of Relationships Pertaining to Geographical Indications]. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Juridicheskie nauki – Perm University Herald. Juridical Sciences. 2018. Issue 42. Pp. 685–699. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17072/1995-4190-2018-42-685-699
DOI: 0.17072/1995-4190-2018-42-685-699
Annotation:

Introduction: the article is devoted to the analysis of legislation on geographical indications in the Russian Federation and foreign countries. We have witnessed the emergence of an imperative to introduce some measures for protection of geographical indications as means of providing brand identity into the laws of the Russian Federation. This imperative trend is predetermined by Russia’s participation in several international treaties, the problems with registration of geographical indications for production (appellations of origin), the need to develop regional branding, as well as foreign experience. At the same time, the introduction of legal protection for geographical indications gives rise to several problems with regard to the enforcement of these measures in conformity with the norms of public law, specifically with the Federal Law No. 171-FZ of November 22, 1995 On the State Regulation of the Production and Turnover in Ethyl Alcohol, Alcoholic and Alcohol-Containing Products, and on the Restriction of the Consumption (Drinking) of Alcoholic Products and others. The article reviews the international experience of regulating rights to geographical indications, considers reasons to introduce the protection of geographical indications in the Russian Federation, and the specific features of the proposals incorporated in the draft federal law No. 509994-7 On Amending Part Four of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, passed by the State Duma in its first reading in July 2018. Purpose: to identify the special aspects of international legal regulation of relationships where the object is a geographical indication, in order to establish the possibility of using them to improve the laws of the Russian Federation, and to evaluate the prospects for introducing legal protection of geographical indications in the legislation of the Russian Federation taking into account the existing legal mechanisms. Methods: dialectical, formal, logical, functional and other general scientific methods as well as special techniques used by legal scholars: comparative law research and legal research. Results: the current Russian and foreign mechanisms used to protect the names of geographical locations where products with specific qualities are produced have been identified and described. Based on a comparative and formal legal analysis, the possibilities to introduce legal protection for geographical indications in the Russian Federation and problems arising as a result of such introduction have been identified, possible solutions to the problems have been proposed. Conclusions: based on the analysis of the laws on product brand identity in Russia and several foreign countries and taking account of the vector of the development of the regional policy in the Russian Federation, it is concluded that now is the time when all of the necessary prerequisites for the introduction of legal protection for geographical indications into Russian legislation should be available, including through amendments to article 1225 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and improvements to the civil and legal mechanisms of registration and protection of appellations of origin of products. As a result of the analysis of the proposals to amend legislation under the draft federal law No. 509994-7 On Amending Part Four of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation  (hereinafter the Draft Law),  several problems which require a solution have been identified, specifically: the problem of conformity with the norms of the Federal Law No. 171-FZ of November 22, 1995 On the State Regulation of the Production and Turnover in Ethyl Alcohol, Alcoholic and Alcohol-Containing Products, and on the Restriction of Consumption (Drinking) of Alcoholic Products. In order to solve this problem, it is proposed to introduce a transitional stage whereby the liability provisions proposed in the Draft Law would not apply to persons in possession of licenses to produce wine products with protected geographical indications, etc.

Keywords: geographical indications; exclusive right; appellation of origin; regional brands; registration of geographical indications; brand identity; regional policy; wine products with protected geographical indications.
  download the full-version article
References: 1. Gavrilov E. Sredstva individualizatsii tovarov i kachestvennye kharakteristiki tovarov [Means of Individualization of Goods and Qualitative Characteristics of Goods]. Khozyaystvo i pravo - Business and Law. 2014. Issue 3. Pp. 13–27. Access from the legal reference system "ConsultantPlus" (accessed 27.11.2018). (In Russ.).
2. Gavrilov E. P., Danilina E. A. Nekotorye voprosy pravovoy okhrany naimenovaniy mest proiskhozhdeniya tovarov [Some Issues of Legal Protection of Appellations of Origin]. Access from the legal reference system "ConsultantPlus" (accessed 27.11.2018). (In Russ.).
3. Gavrilov E. P., Danilina E. A. Praktika okhrany naimenovaniy mest proiskhozhdeniya tovarov: chto izmenilos'? [Practice of Protecting Appellations of Origin: What has Changed?]. Patenty i litsenzii – Patents and Licenses. 2006. Issue 1. P. 4. Cit. ex: Unifikatsiya i garmonizatsiya v mezhdunarodnom chastnom prave. Voprosy teorii i praktiki: monografiya / otv. red. G. K. Dmitrieva, M. V. Mazhorina [Unification and Harmonization in International Private Law. Matters of Theory and Practice: Monograph; ed. by G. K. Dmitrieva, M. V. Mazhorina]. Мoscow, 2016. 208 p. Access from the legal reference system "ConsultantPlus" (accessed 27.11.2018). (In Russ.).
4. Dzhermakyan V. Yu. 600 voprosov po tovarnym znakam: raz"yasneniya pravoprimenitel'noy praktiki [600 Questions about Trademarks: Explanation of the Law Enforcement Practice]. Access from the legal reference system "ConsultantPlus" (accessed 27.11.2018). (In Russ.).
5. Eremenko V. I. O pravovoy okhrane naimenovaniy mest proiskhozhdeniya tovarov v Rossii [On the Legal Protection of Appellations of Origin in Russia]. Access from the legal reference system "ConsultantPlus" (accessed 27.11.2018). (In Russ.).
6. Kiriy L.L. Kommentariy k st. 1535 [Commentary to Article 1535]. Kommentariy k Grazhdanskomu kodeksu Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chasti chetvertoy): v 2 t. (postateynyj) / S. A. Gorlenko, V. O. Kalyatin, L. L. Kiriy i dr.; otv. red. L.A. Trakhtengerts. 2-e izd. [Commentary to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part Four) (Article by Article): in 2 vols.; S. A. Gorlenko, V. O. Kalyatin, L. L. Kiriy et al.; ed. by L. A. Trakhtengerts. 2nd ed.]. Moscow, 2016. Vol. 2. 524 p. Access from the legal reference system "ConsultantPlus" (accessed 27.11.2018). (In Russ.).
7. Otchet Rospatenta za 2017 god [Rospatent Annual Report 2017]. Available at: https://docviewer.yandex.ru/view/132127090 (accessed 27.11.2018). (In Russ.).
8. Pravo intellektual'noy sobstvennosti: uchebnik / pod. obshch. red. L.A. Novoselovoy [Intellectual Property Right: Textbook; ed. by L. A. Novoselova]. Vol. 3. Sredstva individualizatsii [Means of Individualization]. Moscow, 2018. 432 p. Access from the legal reference system "ConsultantPlus" (accessed 27.11.2018). (In Russ.).
9. Ruzakova O. A., Grin' E. S. Primenenie tekhnologii blockchain k sistematizatsii rezul'tatov intellektual'noy deyatel'nosti [Application of Blockchain Technologies in Systematizing the Results of Intellectual Activity]. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Juridicheskie nauki – Perm University Herald. Legal Sciences. 2017. Issue 4 (38). Pp. 508–520. (In Russ.).
10. Rukovodstvo po registratsii i predostavleniyu isklyuchitel'nogo prava ispol'zovaniya naimenovaniya mesta proiskhozhdeniya tovara [Guidelines for the Registration and Granting an Exclusive Right to Use an Appellation of Origin]. Patenty i litsenzii. Intellektual'nye prava - Patents and Licenses. Intellectual Rights. 2018. Issue 2.Access from the legal reference system "ConsultantPlus" (accessed 27.11.2018). (In Russ.).
11. Fabrichnyj S. Yu., Ruzakova O. A. Geograficheskoe ukazanie: vzglyad zakonodatelya [Geographical Indication: View of the Legislator]. Patenty i litsenzii. Intellektual'nye prava – Patents and Licenses. Intellectual Rights. 2018. Issue 11. Pp. 2–8. (In Russ.).
12. Fabrichnyj S. Yu., Ruzakova O. A. Regional'nye brendy Rossii: osnovnye napravleniya razvitiya [Regional Brands in Russia: Main Directions of Development]. Patenty i litsenzii. Intellektual'nye prava – Patents and Licenses. Intellectual Rights. 2017. Issue 5. Pp. 46–53. (In Russ.).
13. Shakhnazarova E. A. Osobennosti mezhdunarodno-pravovoy okhrany naimenovaniy mest proiskhozhdeniya tovarov i geograficheskikh ukazaniy v svete prinyatiya Zhenevskogo akta Lissabonskogo soglasheniya 20 maya 2015 g. [Features of the International Legal Protection of Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications in the Light of the Adoption on May 20, 2015 of the Geneva Act of the Lisbon Agreement]. Zhurnal Rossiyskogo prava – Journal of Russian Law. 2016. Issue 11. Pp. 171–180. Access from the legal reference system "ConsultantPlus" (accessed 27.11.2018). (In Russ.).
14. Delphine Marie-Vivien. The Protection of Geographical Indications for Handicrafts: How to Apply the Concepts of Natural and Human Factors to All Products. The WIPO Journal. 2013. Vol. 4. Issue 2. Pp. 191–205. Available at: https://docviewer.yandex.ru/ view/132127090 (accessed 01.12.2018). (In Eng.).
15. Evans G.E. The Simplification and Codification of European Legislation for the Protection of Geographical Indications. Available at: https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/ 123456789/3328 (accessed 29.11.2018). (In Eng.).
16. Geographical Indications. An Introduction. World Intellectual Property Organization. Available at: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/ pubdocs/en/geographical/952/wipo_pub_ 952.pdf (accessed 29.11.2018). (In Eng.).
17. Geographical Indications, 2015 (Act No. 44 of 2015). Available at: https://www.wipo. int/wipolex/en/details.jsp?id=16394 (accessed 29.11.2018).
18. Main Provisions and Benefits of the Geneva Act of the Lisbon Agreement (2015). Available at: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pub-docs/en/wipo_lisbon_flyer.pdf (accessed 29.11.2018). (In Eng.).
19. Burstall Ruth, Clark Birgit. Blockchain, IP and the Fashion Industry. Managing Intellectual Property. March 23, 2017. Available at: http://www.managingip.com/Article/3667444/Blockchain-IP-and-the-fashion-industry.html (accessed 30.05.2017). (In Eng.).
20. Kumar Sujit, Srivastava Seweta. The Legal Status of Geographical Indications in India. Bioved. 2017. Issue 28 (1). Pp. 43–56. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publi-cation/315696865_The_legal_status_of_ geographical_indications_in_India (accessed 29.11.2018). (In Eng.).
21. The Lisbon System: International Protection for Identifiers of Typical Products from a Defined Geographical Area. Available at: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/geographical/942/wipo_pub_942.pdf (accessed 29.11.2018). (In Eng.).
22. The Role of Intellectual Property, in Particular, Trademarks and Geographical Indications, in Creating, Developing and Strengthening a Nation Brand. Version One. Prepared by the Division for Certain Countries in Europe and Asia. Available at: https://www.wipo.int/ edocs/pubdocs/en/wi-po_pub_transition_4.pdf (accessed 29.11.2018). (In Eng.).
23. Tosato Andrea. The Protection of Traditional Foods in the EU: Traditional Specialities Guaranteed. European Law Journal. 2013. Issue 19 (4). Pp. 545–576. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/eulj.12040 (accessed 29.11.2018). (In Eng.). DOI: 10.1111/eulj.12040.
Received: 10.09.2018
Financing: ---
The Perm State University
614068, Perm, street Bukireva, 15 (Faculty of Law), +7 (342) 2 396 275
vesturn@yandex.ru
ISSN 1995-4190 ISSN (eng.) 2618-8104
ISSN (online) 2658-7106
DOI 10.17072/1995-4190
(с) Editorial board, 2010
The magazine is registered in Federal Agency of supervision in sphere of communication and mass communications.
The certificate on registration of mass media ПИ № ФС77-33087 from September, 5th, 2008
The certificate on reregistration of mass media ПИ № ФС77-53189 from Marth, 14th, 2013

The magazine is included in List ВАК and in the Russian index of scientific citing

The founder & Publisher: the State educational institution of the higher training
“The Perm State University”.
Publishing 4 times a year